The details of UV damage are interesting. You can think of DNA as a sequence of four letters: C, G, A, and T. If there are two neighboring T's, UV can move a bond, linking the two T's together (i.e. thymine dimerization). If you're in the sun, each skin cell gets 50-100 of these pairs created per second (which is much higher than I expected). Enzymes fix most of these errors, but sometimes the errors will cause problems during DNA replication and you can end up with mutations.
I worked at Sun from 1995 to 2004. My take is that Sun had major structural problems all along, but as long as money streamed in from the tech bubble, these issues could be ignored. When the tech bubble ended, it was too late to fix the problems.
One big problem was that there was no cooperation inside Sun. Groups in Sun kind of viewed HP as a competitor, kind of viewed SGI as a competitor, but the real competitor to be destroyed was that other group in Sun. The leaders of the project I worked on spent most of their time in political battles, trying to acquire or outmaneuver the other teams working on similar projects.
Another problem was that the main parts of Sun had conflicting strategies. The Solaris/SunSoft division wanted to run on SPARC, x86, and Power PC for the largest market. The SPARC division, of course, wanted none of that. The hardware division wanted to make expensive servers, but the other teams saw cheaper hardware as the right direction. The market ended up moving to cheap rack-mounted Linux x86 servers, so nobody at Sun won in the end.
Right before they fell face-first into the grave, they did finally ship the v20z, which was a completely reasonable way to run Solaris x86. Its management board ran Linux on PowerPC, for irony purposes.
The mods are much more sensitive now to anything they consider flame-bait, flame-baiting, or controversial. Much quicker to intimidate/threaten, de-emphasize posts, flag-kill, etc. I presume because HN may be influencing/affecting some billion dollar bottom lines now and they can't afford a bad look
I see “please stop fulminating” “we’ve asked you not to do this [guideline violating behavior] and we’ll have to ban you if you keep it up”, which is gentler than [shadow]banning even with the ‘threat’ of punitive action. Assuming you’ve seen mod comments I’ve missed.
Yes that is what I mean. It's an intimidation couched in gentle language ("don't say things like that or else") and the threat is banning. Examples are in my past comment threads and some to my email years ago. I've gotten it for comments that weren't even controversial, it seemed the mods just disagreed with the opinion and decided to come down hard just because. I've seen it on others' comments too and had to defend them.
Of course there are some crazy extremist comments, but I'm talking about both comments about programming, and content has been echoed by the UN general assembly or human rights organizations. Those comments are now apparently out of line. This forum has crossed into the realm of censorship normally reserved for generic corporations who remove anything that might affect ad sales.
In my experience, if someone is going to be contrarian or pivot the topic to something else or move a conversation from primarily non-political into political, they have the burden of explaining the connection to the main topic and to be exceedingly diplomatic. One-liners that go against the grain or that will generate a lot of adversarial back-and-forth get warned.
I really think it's a good thing. I think it balances the ability to allow dissent and debate while helping ensure the comment isn't flamebait. Without slashdot-style metamoderation it's the only way to keep trolls at bay. I've crossed the mods here once or twice in heated arguments, and it's almost always been a reasonable request from them to clean up my argument. Though I was unreasonably banned on my original account about 14 years ago (hence the username created in angry haste).
>The mods are much … quicker to intimidate/threaten
They’re doing this privately? Normally you shouldn’t screenshot emails/DMs/texts sure, but please do in this case. I have showdead on in Settings, so I should see it if you’re worried about censorship. If someone’s posted this before and it was deleted and not just killed, raise your hand and I’ll add my email to my profile.
Offer open to all. Obviously I’m doubting these guys are threatening people…
I've never heard anybody claim that they got a threatening email from dang before though. The moderators could easily block any such story from appearing on HN, but there are plenty of other sites where they could post it, and I suspect that a credible claim would become popular quickly.
So I'm not saying that it's impossible, just that if it did happen, we probably would have all heard about it by now.
Obviously, the move is to continuously put your finger on the scale rather than doing something blatantly potentially illegal (depending on the threat).
There would have to be some meat on the bone, some unilateral NDA kind of thing…
We all should’ve heard of it by now. From Lobsters, Mastodon, blogs…
There is a firehose of the dead submissions and this is a good day today - just about 1 per minute and only 30% are dead. Somedays it's much, much worse.
HN attracts every wannabe out there and there is always a banal spam. So no wonder people don't want^W have time to hand hold anyone.
I've always had showdead on but don't often actually see a ton of dead comments. Occasionally I see one that's dead and seems odd (and sometimes interesting). Lot of the time it is stuff I'm not surprised is dead.
And rarely I see something that seems very very odd it's dead - although in those cases I usually assume it's just a bunch of bots or people downvoting (vs some kind kf moderator conspiracy)
Maybe we the HN nerds are recomputing your proposed formula and quirks, and seeing it in real time, which may have worked since it's #1 now and I can prophetically reassure everyone it's gonna disappear in a few hours, per the article. Self fulfilling prophecy as they used to call it.
> Do you think that the math is irrelevant now that the audience itself has become so woke that it’s basically an echochamber?
I do very much believe that that is your own cognitive biases at work. While it certainly feels like there is a slant in a certain direction to me, I do see plenty of dissenting opinions from that perceived slant that get pretty much as much visbility. Most discourse here IS civil, too, which permits those dissents.
If you do believe that there is bad faith discourse going on, you can always email the mod team to get that sorted out.
I've looked at some early calculators and they are a whole different world of weirdness. They used decimal arithmetic (BCD) because it's a lot easier than converting between binary and decimal. The first calculators were serial, with a 1-bit adder and shift registers and bits constantly in motion. The Sinclair Scientific calculator used TI's strange 4-bit architecture along with terrible algorithms.
I forgot about the IBM 7030 Stretch (1961), which was also 64 bits. The NORC (Naval Ordnance Research Calculator) (1954) had 16 decimal digits, which is sort of 64 bits.
That's a really vertical microcode. It looks more like a specialized assembly than microcode. I guess it makes sense, since the algorithms are so complex and executing one microinstruction per cycle (is that correct?) already provides almost an order of magnitude performance improvement.
Yes, it's one microinstruction per cycle, except there is a 1-cycle delay for branches, adds, and shifts. And some micro-instructions loop, so they can take a bunch of cycles.
I'm curious to know - you say Intel's 8087 emulation code was a bit of a lump at 16KB, do you know if it emulated the 8087 microcode state machine or did it use a different strategy?
I think the emulation code was a rewrite in 8086 assembly language. An 8087 microcode emulator would be slow and difficult. One of the Opcode Collective people is looking at the emulator now, so there may be more details later. Intel claimed that the emulator completely and exactly duplicated the 8087 functionality, so it would be interesting to see if it is 100% accurate or if they missed any corner cases.
It would be nice if someone used AI and/or Lean to sort out the abc conjecture, an important unsolved problem in Diophantine analysis. A mathematician (Mochizuki) claimed to have proven it in 2012 using a new theory called "Inter-universal Teichmüller theory" that almost nobody understands. Some mathematicians think the proof is correct while the majority don't. So the conjecture is in this annoying limbo where its status is a social construct rather than a decided fact.
I'm sure over the next 6 months both OpenAI and Anthropic are going to continue pouring many many millions of dollars into any famous open mathematical problem like that. There is a limited pool of problems which have held prestige for enough time to make general news headlines when solved and you don't really get nearly as much limelight for proving it the second time or adding in proof for additional cases/forms.
That's true of the entirety of mathematics. Its validity is a social construct. That is not to relativize it entirely, but much of what was considered good and sound mathematics in the ancient Agean for example would now fall way short of what mathematicians consider valid proofs.
Mathematics is a human endeavor funded on communicating and sharing mental constructs. Some are useful but most of it is not about producing useful things, quite the opposite in fact.
Gödel showed you need to agree on definitions to even do any valid mathematical construct.
Truth is also ill defined. That's what I don't get about generating math with LLMs. Who cares if you make hundreds of pages and lean code and it gets a thumbs up for logical validity? Mathematics is so much more then concatenating valid logical statements.
The problem with the acceptance of the given proof of the abc conjecture is rooted in beliefs the proof had at least one erroneous step in its logic which leaves gaps not able to be filled back in without significant new work in the proof. It's not rooted in a difference of starting axioms, what Gödel wrote about, or what kind of truth there can be (though the foreignness has certainly never sped its review up). Your comment may have separate points to make about those things in general but it does not make the problem with the proposed proof the same as the issues which apply to all of mathematics.
Yeah I'm not talking about that one proof, I'm talking about the whole of mathematics. It's not manufacturing theorems, it's an ongoing conversation. It's poetry in the etymological sense, poesis, it's creative. Why would anyone think that manufacturing mathematics is a good idea?
“Good, he did not have enough imagination to become a mathematician.
[Upon hearing that one of his students had dropped out to study poetry]”
― David Hilbert
"We've pointed LLM 7.0 into verifying the Inter-universal Teichmüller theory, spent 100M$ in tokens and generated a 20k line Lean and a 100k line js repo, the result is that the theory is... proven! Hopefully that solves the issue (rather than recreating it with even more complexity)
Details: https://pdb101.rcsb.org/motm/91
reply